SHA-3 Hardware Implementations

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Revision as of 15:02, 19 April 2010 by STillich (talk | contribs) (Moved call for contributions to top of page)

1 Call for Contributions

Implementers (both submitters and non-submitters): You have results that complement this site? Let us know at sha3zoo-hardware@iaik.tugraz.at If you are making your HDL code available, please also provide us with according information.

2 Important Information

This page summarizes key properties of reported hardware implementations of those SHA-3 candidates, which are currently under consideration by NIST. This is work in progress. If you know of any implementations which should be mentioned on this page, refer to our call for contributions.

A list of hardware implementations of the round 1 candidates can be found here. Please note that the page for round 1 candidates is provided for reference and will not be updated.

The implementations are categorized into FPGA and standard-cell ASIC implementations. Note that the diversity of implementation scope, target technologies, and synthesis tools makes direct comparisions between different hardware implementation difficult. The more of these parameters agree, the more reasonable the comparison becomes.

The target technology should be as similar as possible. For FPGA implementation, it is desirable to compare implementations on the same target device (or at least on devices of the same FPGA family). For standard-cell ASIC implementation, at least the minimal gate length of the process (e.g., 0.13 µm) should agree. More ideally, the implementations use the same standard-cell library (which implies the use of the same process technology).

In order to facilitate the comparision of hardware modules with different implementation scopes, we classify them into three categories:

For suggestions regarding the structure of this site, let us know at sha3zoo-hardware@iaik.tugraz.at

2.1 Fully Autonomous Implementation

HW type self-cont.jpg

Such hardware implementations include the complete functionality of a SHA-3 candidate (or a specific version thereof). That means the input message can be loaded piecewise into the hardware module and it delivers the message digest as output. All hash calculations happen exclusively within the hardware module. If integrated in a system, the achievable throughput of a fully autonomous implementation depends on the speed of the hardware module itself and the speed of the (system dependent) data interface delivering the input message.


2.2 Implementation with External Memory

HW type ext-mem.jpg

These implementations use external memory to hold intermediate values during the hashing of a message. The implemented hardware itself normally consists of the core logic functionality of the hash function, some registers for short-lived temporary values, and possible a memory controller for access to the external memory. Such implementations can load the input message either over a dedicated interface (similar to a fully autonomous implementation) or from the external memory. In order to reach the maximal throughput of the hardware module, the external memory must be sufficiently fast.


2.3 Implementation of Core Functionality

HW type core-funct.jpg

Such implementations comprise only important parts of the hash function (e.g., the compression function), which normally allows to get a first-order estimate of the performance figures of full implementations.

3 High-Speed Implementations (FPGA)

Important note: The size and functionality of slices varies between FPGA families. A direct comparision of the slice count of implementations on different FPGA families is therefore problematic.

Hash Function Name Reference / HDL Impl. Scope Impl. Details Technology Size Throughput Clock Frequency
BLAKE-32 Submission document / Submission webpage Core functionality Compression function with 8 G function units Xilinx Virtex-II Pro 3091 slices 1724 Mbit/s 37.0 MHz
BLAKE-32 Submission document / Submission webpage Core functionality Compression function with 8 G function units Xilinx Virtex 4 3087 slices 2235 Mbit/s 48.0 MHz
BLAKE-32 Submission document / Submission webpage Core functionality Compression function with 8 G function units Xilinx Virtex 5 1694 slices 3103 Mbit/s 67.0 MHz
BLAKE-32 Namin and Hasan / N/A Core functionality Compression function with 8 G function units and I/O registers Altera Stratix III 5435 ALUTs 2186.2 Mbit/s 46.97 MHz
BLAKE-32 Kobayashi et al. / N/A Fully autonomous Xilinx Virtex 5 1660 slices 2676 Mbit/s 115 MHz
BLAKE-64 Submission document / Submission webpage Core functionality Compression function with 8 G function units Xilinx Virtex-II Pro 11122 slices 1177 Mbit/s 17.0 MHz
BLAKE-64 Submission document / Submission webpage Core functionality Compression function with 8 G function units Xilinx Virtex 4 11483 slices 1707 Mbit/s 25.0 MHz
BLAKE-64 Submission document / Submission webpage Core functionality Compression function with 8 G function units Xilinx Virtex 5 4329 slices 2389 Mbit/s 35.0 MHz
Blue Midnight Wish-256 Namin and Hasan / N/A Core functionality Compression function with f0, f1, and f2 unrolled in sequence and I/O registers Altera Stratix III 12917 ALUTs 4889.6 Mbit/s 9.55 MHz
CubeHash8/1-256 Baldwin et al. / N/A Core functionality 2 compression functions unrolled Xilinx Spartan 3 3268 slices 70 Mbit/s 37.9 MHz
CubeHash8/1-256 Baldwin et al. / N/A Core functionality 1 iterated compression function Xilinx Virtex 5 1178 slices 160 Mbit/s 166.8 MHz
CubeHash16/32-256 Kobayashi et al. / N/A Fully autonomous Xilinx Virtex 5 590 slices 2960 Mbit/s 185 MHz
ECHO-224/256 Lu et al. / N/A Fully autonomous Xilinx Virtex 5 9333 slices 14860 Mbit/s 87.1 MHz
ECHO-256 Kobayashi et al. / N/A Fully autonomous Xilinx Virtex 5 3556 slices 1614 Mbit/s 104 MHz
ECHO-384/512 Lu et al. / N/A Fully autonomous Xilinx Virtex 5 9097 slices 7810 Mbit/s 83.9 MHz
Grøstl-224/256 Jungk et al. / N/A Fully autonomous P & Q permutation in parallel Xilinx Spartan 3 6136 slices 4520 Mbit/s 88.3 MHz
Grøstl-224/256 Submission document / N/A Fully autonomous P & Q permutation in parallel Xilinx Virtex 5 1722 slices 10276 Mbit/s 200.7 MHz
Grøstl-256 Kobayashi et al. / N/A Fully autonomous Xilinx Virtex 5 4057 slices 5171 Mbit/s 101 MHz
Grøstl-384/512 Submission document / N/A Fully autonomous P & Q permutation in parallel Xilinx Spartan 3 20233 slices 5901 Mbit/s 80.7 MHz
Grøstl-384/512 Baldwin et al. / N/A Core functionality P & Q permutation interleaved, S-box in BRAM Xilinx Spartan 3 6313 slices 2910 Mbit/s 79.61 MHz
Grøstl-384/512 Submission document / N/A Fully autonomous P & Q permutation in parallel Xilinx Virtex 5 5419 slices 15395 Mbit/s 210.5 MHz
Hamsi-256 Kobayashi et al. / N/A Fully autonomous Xilinx Virtex 5 718 slices 1680 Mbit/s 210 MHz
Keccak Updated specification (v1.2) / Submission webpage Fully autonomous Core (round function, state register) & IO buffer Altera Cyclone III 5776 LEs 7500 Mbit/s 133 MHz
Keccak Updated specification (v1.2) / Submission webpage Fully autonomous Core (round function, state register) & IO buffer Altera Stratix III 4713 ALUTs 12400 Mbit/s 218 MHz
Keccak Joachim Strömbergson / Submission webpage Fully autonomous Core (round function, state register) only Xilinx Spartan 3A 3393 slices 4800 Mbit/s 85 MHz
Keccak Updated specification (v1.2) / Submission webpage Fully autonomous Core (round function, state register) & IO buffer Xilinx Virtex 5 1412 slices 6900 Mbit/s 122 MHz
Luffa-256 Namin and Hasan / N/A Core functionality Compression function (1 cycle latency) and I/O registers Altera Stratix III 16552 ALUTs 12042.2 Mbit/s 47.04 MHz
Luffa-256 Kobayashi et al. / N/A Fully autonomous Xilinx Virtex 5 1048 slices 6343 Mbit/s 223 MHz
Shabal Feron and Francq / N/A Fully autonomous 36 adders in permutation Xilinx Virtex 5 1171 slices 2588 Mbit/s 126 MHz
Shabal Baldwin et al. / N/A Core functionality 36 adders in permutation Xilinx Spartan 3 2223 slices 740 Mbit/s 71.48 MHz
Shabal Baldwin et al. / N/A Core functionality 36 adders in permutation Xilinx Virtex 5 2768 slices 1450 Mbit/s 138.87 MHz
Shabal-256 Namin and Hasan / N/A Core functionality Compression function with I/O registers (latency of 16 clock cycles) Altera Stratix III 1440 ALUTs 3125.6 Mbit/s 195.35 MHz
Shabal-256 Kobayashi et al. / N/A Fully autonomous Xilinx Virtex 5 1251 slices 1739 Mbit/s 214 MHz
Skein-256 Men Long / N/A Core functionality UBI component Xilinx Virtex 5 1001 slices 408.7 Mbit/s 114.9 MHz
Skein-256 Stefan Tillich / On request Fully autonomous 8 Threefish rounds unrolled Xilinx Virtex 5 937 slices 1751 Mbit/s 68.4 MHz
Skein-256 Stefan Tillich / On request Fully autonomous 8 Threefish rounds unrolled Xilinx Spartan 3 2421 slices 669 Mbit/s 26.14 MHz
Skein-256 Kobayashi et al. / N/A Fully autonomous Xilinx Virtex 5 854 slices 1482 Mbit/s 115 MHz
Skein-512 Men Long / N/A Core functionality UBI component Xilinx Virtex 5 1877 slices 817.4 Mbit/s 114.9 MHz
Skein-512 Stefan Tillich / On request Fully autonomous 8 Threefish rounds unrolled Xilinx Virtex 5 1632 slices 3535 Mbit/s 69.04 MHz
Skein-512 Stefan Tillich / On request Fully autonomous 8 Threefish rounds unrolled Xilinx Spartan 3 4273 slices 1365 Mbit/s 26.66 MHz



4 Low-Area Implementations (FPGA)

Hash Function Name Reference / HDL Impl. Scope Implementation Details Technology Size Throughput Clock Frequency
BLAKE-32 Beuchat et al. / N/A Fully autonomous Rescheduled G function Xilinx Spartan-3 124 slices 115 Mbit/s 190.0 MHz
BLAKE-32 Beuchat et al. / N/A Fully autonomous Rescheduled G function Xilinx Virtex-4 124 slices 216 Mbit/s 357.0 MHz
BLAKE-32 Beuchat et al. / N/A Fully autonomous Rescheduled G function Xilinx Virtex-5 56 slices 225 Mbit/s 372.0 MHz
BLAKE-32 Beuchat et al. / N/A Fully autonomous Rescheduled G function Altera Cyclone III 285 LEs 116 Mbit/s 192.0 MHz
BLAKE-32 Submission document / Submission webpage Core functionality Compression function with 1 G function unit Xilinx Virtex-II Pro 958 slices 371 Mbit/s 59.0 MHz
BLAKE-32 Submission document / Submission webpage Core functionality Compression function with 1 G function unit Xilinx Virtex 4 960 slices 430 Mbit/s 68.0 MHz
BLAKE-32 Submission document / Submission webpage Core functionality Compression function with 1 G function unit Xilinx Virtex 5 390 slices 575 Mbit/s 91.0 MHz
BLAKE-64 Beuchat et al. / N/A Fully autonomous Rescheduled G function Xilinx Spartan-3 229 slices 138 Mbit/s 158.0 MHz
BLAKE-64 Beuchat et al. / N/A Fully autonomous Rescheduled G function Xilinx Virtex-4 230 slices 219 Mbit/s 250.0 MHz
BLAKE-64 Beuchat et al. / N/A Fully autonomous Rescheduled G function Xilinx Virtex-5 108 slices 314 Mbit/s 358.0 MHz
BLAKE-64 Beuchat et al. / N/A Fully autonomous Rescheduled G function Altera Cyclone III 542 LEs 123 Mbit/s 140.0 MHz
BLAKE-64 Submission document / Submission webpage Core functionality Compression function with 1 G function unit Xilinx Virtex-II Pro 1802 slices 326 Mbit/s 36.0 MHz
BLAKE-64 Submission document / Submission webpage Core functionality Compression function with 1 G function unit Xilinx Virtex 4 1856 slices 381 Mbit/s 42.0 MHz
BLAKE-64 Submission document / Submission webpage Core functionality Compression function with 1 G function unit Xilinx Virtex 5 939 slices 533 Mbit/s 59.0 MHz
Grøstl-224/256 Jungk et al. / N/A Fully autonomous 64-bit datapath, P & Q permutation in parallel Xilinx Spartan 3 2486 slices 404 Mbit/s 63.2 MHz
Grøstl-224/256 Jungk et al. / N/A Fully autonomous 64-bit datapath, P & Q permutation in parallel Xilinx Virtex 2 Pro 2754 slices 512 Mbit/s 81.5 MHz
Keccak Updated specification (v1.2) / Submission webpage Using external memory Small core using system memory Altera Stratix III 855 ALUTs 96.8 Mbit/s 366 MHz
Keccak Updated specification (v1.2) / Submission webpage Using external memory Small core using system memory Altera Cyclone III 1559 LEs 47.8 Mbit/s 181 MHz
Keccak Updated specification (v1.2) / Submission webpage Using external memory Small core using system memory Xilinx Virtex 5 444 slices 70.1 Mbit/s 265 MHz
Shabal Feron and Francq / N/A Fully autonomous 36 adders in permutation Xilinx Virtex 5 596 slices (+ 40 DSP blocks) 1142 Mbit/s 109 MHz
Shabal Baldwin et al. / N/A Core functionality 1 adder in permutation Xilinx Spartan 3 1933 slices 540 Mbit/s 89.71 MHz
Shabal Baldwin et al. / N/A Core functionality 1 adder in permutation Xilinx Virtex 5 2307 slices 1330 Mbit/s 222.22 MHz
Skein-256-256 Namin and Hasan / N/A Core functionality One round of Threefish iterated Altera Stratix III 1385 ALUTs 573.9 Mbit/s 161.42 MHz



5 High-Speed Implementations (ASIC)

A comparison of implementations of all 14 round 2 candidates has been presented informally at IAIK (Graz University of Technology) on Sept. 16, 2009. The updated presentation slides can be found here.

The rows shaded in gray are results of a benchmarking of implementations of all 14 candidates on the same technology. Details on this benchmarking can be found here. An interactive graphical comparison of various area-performance tradeoffs can be found here.


Hash Function Name Reference / HDL Impl. Scope Implementation Details Technology Size Throughput Clock Frequency
BLAKE-32 Submission document / Submission webpage Core functionality Compression function with 8 G function units UMC 0.18 µm 58.30 kGates 5295 Mbit/s 114 MHz
BLAKE-32 Submission document / Submission webpage Core functionality Compression function with 4 G function units UMC 0.18 µm 41.31 kGates 4153 Mbit/s 170 MHz
BLAKE-32 Namin and Hasan / N/A Core functionality Compression function with 8 G function units and I/O registers STM 90 nm 53 kGates 4475 Mbit/s(*) 96.15 MHz
BLAKE-32 Tillich et al. / On request Fully autonomous Compression function with 4 G function units with CSAs UMC 0.18 µm 45.64 kGates 3971 Mbit/s 170.64 MHz
BLAKE-64 Submission document / Submission webpage Core functionality Compression function with 8 G function units UMC 0.18 µm 132.47 kGates 5910 Mbit/s 87 MHz
BLAKE-64 Submission document / Submission webpage Core functionality Compression function with 4 G function units UMC 0.18 µm 82.73 kGates 4810 Mbit/s 136 MHz
Blue Midnight Wish-256 Namin and Hasan / N/A Core functionality Compression function with f0, f1, and f2 unrolled in sequence and I/O registers STM 90 nm 164 kGates 26665 Mbit/s(*) 52.08 MHz
Blue Midnight Wish-256 Tillich et al. / On request Fully autonomous 40 32-bit adders shared by f0, f1, and f2, two temporary 512-bit states UMC 0.18 µm 122.09 kGates 1586 Mbit/s 164.20 MHz
CubeHash16/32-h Tillich et al. / On request Fully autonomous Dynamically reconfigurable r and b parameters, two rounds unrolled UMC 0.18 µm 58.87 kGates 4665 Mbit/s 145.77 MHz
ECHO-224/256 Lu et al. / N/A Fully autonomous 0.13 µm 521.1 kGates 14850 Mbit/s 87.1 MHz
ECHO-256 Tillich et al. / On request Fully autonomous Four parallel AES rounds, 16 AES MixColumns 32-bit column multipliers UMC 0.18 µm 141.49 kGates 2246 Mbit/s 141.84 MHz
ECHO-384/512 Lu et al. / N/A Fully autonomous 0.13 µm 516.8 kGates 7750 Mbit/s 83.3 MHz
Fugue-256 Submission document / N/A Fully autonomous Four columns of SMIX transformation in parallel (SUPER4_P) IBM 90 nm 109.85 kGates 13913 Mbit/s 869.5 MHz
Fugue-256 Tillich et al. / On request Fully autonomous Four columns of SMIX transformation in parallel UMC 0.18 µm 46.26 kGates 4092 Mbit/s 255.75 MHz
Grøstl-256 Tillich et al. / On request Fully autonomous One shared permutation for P & Q, one pipeline stage UMC 0.18 µm 58.40 kGates 6290 Mbit/s 270.27 MHz
Grøstl-384/512 Submission document / N/A Fully autonomous P & Q permutation in parallel UMC 0.18 µm 341 kGates 6225 Mbit/s 85.1 MHz
Hamsi-256 Junfeng Fan (Hamsi website) / N/A Fully autonomous 0.13 µm 22 kGates 4940 Mbit/s 1080 MHz
Hamsi-256 Tillich et al. / On request Fully autonomous Three instances of P/Pf function unrolled UMC 0.18 µm 58.66 kGates 5565 Mbit/s 173.91 MHz
Hamsi-512 Junfeng Fan (Hamsi website) / N/A Fully autonomous 0.13 µm 50 kGates 3970 Mbit/s 820 MHz
JH-256 Tillich et al. / On request Fully autonomous 320 S-boxes, one round of R8 per cycle UMC 0.18 µm 58.83 kGates 4991 Mbit/s 380.22 MHz
Keccak Updated specification (v1.2) / Submission webpage Fully autonomous Core (round function, state register) & IO buffer ST 0.13 µm 48 kGates 29900 Mbit/s 526 MHz
Keccak Submission document / Submission webpage Fully autonomous Core (round function, state register) only ST 0.13 µm 40 kGates 15000 Mbit/s 500 MHz
Keccak(-256) Tillich et al. / On request Fully autonomous One instance of Keccak-f round UMC 0.18 µm 56.32 kGates 21229 Mbit/s 487.80 MHz
Luffa-224/256 Knežević and Verbauwhede / Author's webpage Fully autonomous Three permutation blocks in parallel (64 S-boxes, 4 MixWord blocks each) UMC 0.13 µm 30.83 kGates 31960 Mbit/s 1124 MHz
Luffa-256 Namin and Hasan / N/A Core functionality Compression function (1 cycle latency) and I/O registers STM 90 nm 122 kGates 25702 Mbit/s(*) 100.4 MHz
Luffa-224/256 Tillich et al. / On request Fully autonomous Three permutation blocks in parallel (64 S-boxes, 4 MixWord blocks each) UMC 0.18 µm 44.97 kGates 13741 Mbit/s 483.09 MHz
Luffa-384 Knežević and Verbauwhede / Author's webpage Fully autonomous Four permutation blocks in parallel (64 S-boxes, 4 MixWord blocks each) UMC 0.13 µm 50.07 kGates 23126 Mbit/s 813 MHz
Luffa-512 Knežević and Verbauwhede / Author's webpage Fully autonomous Five permutation blocks in parallel (64 S-boxes, 4 MixWord blocks each) UMC 0.13 µm 65.1 kGates 19617 Mbit/s 690 MHz
Shabal-256 Namin and Hasan / N/A Core functionality Compression function with I/O registers (latency of 16 clock cycles) STM 90 nm 20 kGates 4408 Mbit/s(*) 413.22 MHz
Shabal-256 Tillich et al. / On request Fully autonomous One word rotation per cycle, 50 cycles per block UMC 0.18 µm 54.19 kGates 3282 Mbit/s 320.51 MHz
SHAvite-3256 Tillich et al. / On request Fully autonomous Four AES rounds (two for compression, two for message expansion) UMC 0.18 µm 58.83 kGates 2387 Mbit/s 88.57 MHz
SIMD-256(**) Tillich et al. / On request Fully autonomous Two FFT-64 with two FFT-8 and 16 multipliers (8x8 bit) each UMC 0.18 µm 104.17 kGates 924 Mbit/s 64.93 MHz
Skein-256-256 Stefan Tillich / On request Fully autonomous 8 Threefish rounds unrolled UMC 0.18 µm 53.87 kGates 1762 Mbit/s 68.8 MHz
Skein-256-256 Namin and Hasan / N/A Core functionality All 72 Threefish rounds unrolled STM 90 nm 369 kGates 3126 Mbit/s(*) 12.21 MHz
Skein-256-256 Tillich et al. / On request Fully autonomous 8 Threefish rounds unrolled UMC 0.18 µm 58.61 kGates 1882 Mbit/s 73.52 MHz
Skein-512-512 Tillich et al. / On request Fully autonomous 8 Threefish rounds unrolled UMC 0.18 µm 102.04 kGates 2502 Mbit/s 48.87 MHz

(*) Estimated peak throughput for the minimal delay of compression function: 1000 * (Input Size in bits) / [(Compression Function Delay in ns) * (Number of Cycles)] = Throughput in Mbit/s (**) Implementation of round-one variant.



6 Low-Area Implementations (ASIC)

Hash Function Name Reference / HDL Impl. Scope Implementation Details Technology Size Throughput Clock Frequency
BLAKE-32 Tillich et al. / N/A Fully autonomous One G function in 11 cycles AMS 0.35 µm 25.57 kGates 15.4 Mbit/s 31.25 MHz
BLAKE-32 Submission document / Submission webpage Core functionality Compression function with a single G function unit UMC 0.18 µm 10.54 kGates 253 Mbit/s 40 MHz
BLAKE-32 Submission document / Submission webpage Core functionality Compression function with a half G function unit UMC 0.18 µm 9.89 kGates 127 Mbit/s 40 MHz
BLAKE-64 Submission document / Submission webpage Core functionality Compression function with a single G function unit UMC 0.18 µm 20.61 kGates 181 Mbit/s 20 MHz
BLAKE-64 Submission document / Submission webpage Core functionality Compression function with a half G function unit UMC 0.18 µm 19.46 kGates 91 Mbit/s 20 MHz
ECHO-224/256 Lu et al. / N/A Fully autonomous 0.13 µm 82.8 kGates 373 Mbit/s 66.6 MHz
Fugue-256 Submission document / N/A Fully autonomous One SMIX transformation (SUPER1_L) IBM 90 nm 59.22 kGates 2000 Mbit/s 500 MHz
Grøstl-224/256 Tillich et al. / N/A Fully autonomous 64-bit datapath, P & Q permutation shared AMS 0.35 µm 14.62 kGates 145.9 Mbit/s 55.87 MHz
Grøstl-224/256 Grøstl website / N/A Fully autonomous 64-bit datapath, P & Q permutation shared UMC 0.18 µm 17 kGates 645 Mbit/s 246.9 MHz
Keccak Updated specification (v1.2) / Submission webpage Using external memory Small core using system memory ST 0.13 µm 6.5 kGates 176.4 Mbit/s(*) 666.7 MHz
Keccak Updated specification (v1.2) / Submission webpage Using external memory Small core using system memory, clock freq. limited to 200 MHz ST 0.13 µm 5 kGates 52.9 Mbit/s(**) 200 MHz
Luffa-224/256 Knežević and Verbauwhede / Author's webpage Fully autonomous One permutation block (64 S-boxes, 4 MixWord blocks) UMC 0.13 µm 18.26 kGates 2461 Mbit/s 250 MHz
Luffa-384 Knežević and Verbauwhede / Author's webpage Fully autonomous One permutation block (64 S-boxes, 4 MixWord blocks) UMC 0.13 µm 27.13 kGates 1882 Mbit/s 250 MHz
Luffa-512 Knežević and Verbauwhede / Author's webpage Fully autonomous One permutation block (64 S-boxes, 4 MixWord blocks) UMC 0.13 µm 37.35 kGates 1524 Mbit/s 250 MHz
Skein-256-256 Tillich et al. / N/A Fully autonomous 64-bit datapath AMS 0.35 µm 12.89 kGates 19.8 Mbit/s 80 MHz
Skein-256-256 Namin and Hasan / N/A Core functionality One round of Threefish iterated STM 90 nm 21 kGates 1018.8 Mbit/s(***) 286.53 MHz

(*) Estimation for 64-bit memory interface: (1024 bits/permutation) * (666.7 * 10^6 cycles/s) / (3870 cycles/permutation) = 176.41 * 10^6 bits/s
(**) Estimation for 64-bit memory interface: (1024 bits/permutation) * (200 * 10^6 cycles/s) / (3870 cycles/permutation) = 52.92 * 10^6 bits/s
(***) Estimated peak throughput for the minimal delay of compression function: 1000 * (Input Size in bits) / [(Compression Function Delay in ns) * (Number of Cycles)] = Throughput in Mbit/s