Keccak

1 The algorithm

Author(s): Guido Bertoni, Joan Daemen, Michaël Peeters and Gilles Van Assche
Website: http://keccak.noekeon.org/
NIST submission package:
- Round 3: Keccak_FinalRnd.zip
- Round 2: Keccak_Round2.zip
- Round 1: Keccak.zip

G. Bertoni, J. Daemen, M. Peeters, G. Van Assche - The Keccak SHA-3 submission

,2011

http://keccak.noekeon.org/Keccak-submission-3.pdf
Bibtex

Author : G. Bertoni, J. Daemen, M. Peeters, G. Van Assche
Title : The Keccak SHA-3 submission
In : -
Address :
Date : 2011

G. Bertoni, J. Daemen, M. Peeters, G. Van Assche - The Keccak reference

,2011

http://keccak.noekeon.org/Keccak-reference-3.0.pdf
Bibtex

Author : G. Bertoni, J. Daemen, M. Peeters, G. Van Assche
Title : The Keccak reference
In : -
Address :
Date : 2011

G. Bertoni, J. Daemen, M. Peeters, G. Van Assche - Cryptographic sponge functions

,2011

http://sponge.noekeon.org/CSF-0.1.pdf
Bibtex

Author : G. Bertoni, J. Daemen, M. Peeters, G. Van Assche
Title : Cryptographic sponge functions
In : -
Address :
Date : 2011

G. Bertoni, J. Daemen, M. Peeters, G. Van Assche - Keccak specifications

,2009

http://keccak.noekeon.org/Keccak-specifications-2.pdf
Bibtex

Author : G. Bertoni, J. Daemen, M. Peeters, G. Van Assche
Title : Keccak specifications
In : -
Address :
Date : 2009

G. Bertoni, J. Daemen, M. Peeters, G. Van Assche - Keccak sponge function family main document

,2009

http://keccak.noekeon.org/Keccak-main-2.0.pdf
Bibtex

Author : G. Bertoni, J. Daemen, M. Peeters, G. Van Assche
Title : Keccak sponge function family main document
In : -
Address :
Date : 2009

G. Bertoni, J. Daemen, M. Peeters, G. Van Assche - Keccak specifications

,2008

http://keccak.noekeon.org/Keccak-specifications.pdf
Bibtex

Author : G. Bertoni, J. Daemen, M. Peeters, G. Van Assche
Title : Keccak specifications
In : -
Address :
Date : 2008

G. Bertoni, J. Daemen, M. Peeters, G. Van Assche - Keccak sponge function family main document

,2008

http://keccak.noekeon.org/Keccak-main-1.0.pdf
Bibtex

Author : G. Bertoni, J. Daemen, M. Peeters, G. Van Assche
Title : Keccak sponge function family main document
In : -
Address :
Date : 2008

2 Cryptanalysis

We distinguish between two cases: results on the complete hash function, and results on underlying building blocks.

A description of the tables is given here.

Recommended security parameter: 24 rounds (Keccak-f [1600])

2.1 Hash function

Here we list results on the hash function according to the NIST requirements. The only allowed modification is to change the security parameter.

Type of Analysis	Hash Size (n)	Parameters	Compression Function Calls	Memory Requirements	Reference
2nd preimage	512	6 rounds	2⁵⁰⁶	2¹⁷⁶	Bernstein
2nd preimage	512	7 rounds	2⁵⁰⁷	2³²⁰	Bernstein
2nd preimage	512	8 rounds	2^511.5	2⁵⁰⁸	Bernstein

2.2 Building blocks

Here we list results on underlying building blocks, and the hash function modified by other means than the security parameter.

Note that these results assume more direct control or access over some internal variables (aka. free-start, pseudo, compression function, block cipher, or permutation attacks).

Type of Analysis	Hash Function Part	Hash Size (n)	Parameters/Variants	Compression Function Calls	Memory Requirements	Reference
distinguisher	permutation	all	24 rounds	2¹⁵⁷⁹		Duan,Lai
distinguisher	permutation	all	24 rounds	2¹⁵⁹⁰		Boura,Canteaut,DeCanniere
distinguisher	permutation	all	20 rounds	2¹⁵⁸⁶		Boura,Canteaut
preimage⁽²⁾	hash	1024	3 rounds, 40 bit message	1852 seconds (2^34.11)	?	Morawiecki,Srebrny
distinguisher⁽¹⁾	permutation	all	18 rounds	2¹³⁷⁰		Boura,Canteaut
distinguisher⁽¹⁾	permutation	all	16 rounds	2^1023.88		Aumasson,Meier
key recovery	secret-prefix MAC	224	4 rounds	2¹⁹	?	Lathrop
observations	permutation	all				Aumasson,Khovratovich

⁽¹⁾The Keccak team commented on these distinguishers and provide generic constructions in this note.

⁽²⁾The Keccak team estimated the complexity of this attack with 2^34.11 evaluations of 3-rounds of Keccak-f[1600] in this note (exhaustive search: 2⁴⁰).

Ming Duan, Xuajia Lai - Improved zero-sum distinguisher for full round Keccak-f permutation

,2011

http://eprint.iacr.org/2011/023.pdf
Bibtex

Author : Ming Duan, Xuajia Lai
Title : Improved zero-sum distinguisher for full round Keccak-f permutation
In : -
Address :
Date : 2011

Daniel J. Bernstein - Second preimages for 6 (7? (8??)) rounds of Keccak?

,2010

http://ehash.iaik.tugraz.at/uploads/6/65/NIST-mailing-list_Bernstein-Daemen.txt
Bibtex

Author : Daniel J. Bernstein
Title : Second preimages for 6 (7? (8??)) rounds of Keccak?
In : -
Address :
Date : 2010

Christina Boura, Anne Canteaut, Christophe De Canniere - Higher-order differential properties of Keccak and Luffa

,2010

http://eprint.iacr.org/2010/589.pdf
Bibtex

Author : Christina Boura, Anne Canteaut, Christophe De Canniere
Title : Higher-order differential properties of Keccak and Luffa
In : -
Address :
Date : 2010