Difference between revisions of "BLAKE"

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   title    = {Collisions for variants of the BLAKE hash function},
 
   title    = {Collisions for variants of the BLAKE hash function},
 
   url = {http://lkrv.fri.uni-lj.si/~janos/blake/collisions.pdf},
 
   url = {http://lkrv.fri.uni-lj.si/~janos/blake/collisions.pdf},
−
   booktitle = {Information Processing Letters},
+
   booktitle = {Information Processing Letters},
−
   year       = {2010},
+
  volume = {110},
 +
  issue = {14-15},
 +
  month = {July},
 +
   year = {2010},
 +
  pages = {585--590},
 +
  publisher = {Elsevier North-Holland, Inc.},
 
   abstract = {In this paper we present an attack to the BLOKE and BRAKE hash functions, which are weakened versions of the SHA-3 candidate BLAKE. In difference to BLAKE, the BLOKE hash function does not permute the message words and constants in the round computation of the compression function, and BRAKE additionally removes feedforward and zeroes the constants used in each round of the compression function. We show that in these cases we can efficiently find, for any intermediate hash value, a fixed-point block giving us an internal collision, thus producing collisions for messages of equal length in case of BLOKE, and internal collisions for BRAKE.}
 
   abstract = {In this paper we present an attack to the BLOKE and BRAKE hash functions, which are weakened versions of the SHA-3 candidate BLAKE. In difference to BLAKE, the BLOKE hash function does not permute the message words and constants in the round computation of the compression function, and BRAKE additionally removes feedforward and zeroes the constants used in each round of the compression function. We show that in these cases we can efficiently find, for any intermediate hash value, a fixed-point block giving us an internal collision, thus producing collisions for messages of equal length in case of BLOKE, and internal collisions for BRAKE.}
 
</bibtex>
 
</bibtex>
  
 
<bibtex>
 
<bibtex>
−
@misc{blakeSuWWD10,
+
@inproceedings{skeinSuWWD10,
 
   author = {Bozhan Su and Wenling Wu and Shuang Wu and Le Dong},
 
   author = {Bozhan Su and Wenling Wu and Shuang Wu and Le Dong},
 
   title = {Near-Collisions on the Reduced-Round Compression Functions of Skein and BLAKE},
 
   title = {Near-Collisions on the Reduced-Round Compression Functions of Skein and BLAKE},
−
   howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2010/355},
+
   booktitle = {CANS},
−
   year = {2010},
+
  year      = {2010},
 +
   pages    = {124-139},
 +
  publisher = {Springer},
 +
  series    = {LNCS},
 +
  volume    = {6467},
 
   url = {http://eprint.iacr.org/2010/355.pdf},
 
   url = {http://eprint.iacr.org/2010/355.pdf},
 
   abstract = {The SHA-3 competition organized by NIST aims to find a new hash standard as a replacement of SHA-2. Till now, 14 submissions have been selected as the second round candidates, including Skein and BLAKE, both of which have components based on modular addition, rotation and bitwise XOR (ARX). In this paper, we propose improved near-collision attacks on the reduced-round compression functions of Skein and a variant of BLAKE. The attacks are based on linear differentials of the modular additions. The computational complexity of near-collision attacks on a 4-round compression function of BLAKE-32, 4-round and 5-round compression functions of BLAKE-64 are 2^{21}, 2^{16} and 2^{216} respectively, and the attacks on a 24-round compression functions of Skein-256, Skein-512 and Skein-1024 have a complexity of 2^{60}, 2^{230} and 2^{395} respectively.}
 
   abstract = {The SHA-3 competition organized by NIST aims to find a new hash standard as a replacement of SHA-2. Till now, 14 submissions have been selected as the second round candidates, including Skein and BLAKE, both of which have components based on modular addition, rotation and bitwise XOR (ARX). In this paper, we propose improved near-collision attacks on the reduced-round compression functions of Skein and a variant of BLAKE. The attacks are based on linear differentials of the modular additions. The computational complexity of near-collision attacks on a 4-round compression function of BLAKE-32, 4-round and 5-round compression functions of BLAKE-64 are 2^{21}, 2^{16} and 2^{216} respectively, and the attacks on a 24-round compression functions of Skein-256, Skein-512 and Skein-1024 have a complexity of 2^{60}, 2^{230} and 2^{395} respectively.}
Line 128: Line 137:
 
   title    = {Narrow-pipe SHA-3 candidates differ significantly from ideal random functions defined over big domains},
 
   title    = {Narrow-pipe SHA-3 candidates differ significantly from ideal random functions defined over big domains},
 
   url        = {http://people.item.ntnu.no/~danilog/Hash/Non-random-behaviour-narrow-pipe-designs-03.pdf},
 
   url        = {http://people.item.ntnu.no/~danilog/Hash/Non-random-behaviour-narrow-pipe-designs-03.pdf},
−
   howpublished = {NIST mailing list},
+
   howpublished = {NIST hash function mailing list},
 
   year      = {2010},
 
   year      = {2010},
 
}
 
}
Line 134: Line 143:
  
 
<bibtex>
 
<bibtex>
−
@misc{cryptoeprint:2010:043,
+
@inproceedings{cryptoeprint:2010:043,
 
     author = {Jean-Philippe Aumasson and Jian Guo and Simon Knellwolf
 
     author = {Jean-Philippe Aumasson and Jian Guo and Simon Knellwolf
 
and Krystian Matusiewicz and Willi Meier},
 
and Krystian Matusiewicz and Willi Meier},
−
     title = {Differential and invertibility properties of BLAKE (full version)},
+
     title = {Differential and invertibility properties of BLAKE},
−
    howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2010/043},
+
  booktitle = {FSE},
−
     year = {2010},
+
  year      = {2010},
 +
  pages     = {318-332},
 +
  publisher = {Springer},
 +
  series    = {LNCS},
 +
  volume    = {6147},
 
     url = {http://eprint.iacr.org/2010/043.pdf},
 
     url = {http://eprint.iacr.org/2010/043.pdf},
 
     abstract = {BLAKE is a hash function selected by NIST as one of
 
     abstract = {BLAKE is a hash function selected by NIST as one of
Line 163: Line 176:
 
  author = {Jian Guo and Krystian Matusiewicz},
 
  author = {Jian Guo and Krystian Matusiewicz},
 
  title  = {Round-Reduced Near-Collisions of BLAKE-32},
 
  title  = {Round-Reduced Near-Collisions of BLAKE-32},
−
  url   = {http://www.jguo.org/docs/blake-col.pdf},
+
howpublished = {Accepted for presentation at WEWoRC 2009},
−
howpublished = {Available online},
+
  url = {http://www.jguo.org/docs/blake-col.pdf},
−
note = {Accepted for presentation at WEWoRC 2009},
 
 
  year  = {2009}
 
  year  = {2009}
 
}
 
}
Line 176: Line 188:
 
     howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2009/238},
 
     howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2009/238},
 
     year = {2009},
 
     year = {2009},
−
    note = {\url{http://eprint.iacr.org/}},
 
 
     url = {http://eprint.iacr.org/2009/238.pdf},
 
     url = {http://eprint.iacr.org/2009/238.pdf},
 
     abstract = {BLAKE is a new hash family proposed for SHA-3. The
 
     abstract = {BLAKE is a new hash family proposed for SHA-3. The

Latest revision as of 10:26, 22 April 2011

1 The algorithm


Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Luca Henzen, Willi Meier, Raphael C.-W. Phan - SHA-3 proposal BLAKE

,2010
http://131002.net/blake/blake.pdf
Bibtex
Author : Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Luca Henzen, Willi Meier, Raphael C.-W. Phan
Title : SHA-3 proposal BLAKE
In : -
Address :
Date : 2010

Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Luca Henzen, Willi Meier, Raphael C.-W. Phan - SHA-3 proposal BLAKE

,2008
http://ehash.iaik.tugraz.at/uploads/0/06/Blake.pdf
Bibtex
Author : Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Luca Henzen, Willi Meier, Raphael C.-W. Phan
Title : SHA-3 proposal BLAKE
In : -
Address :
Date : 2008

2 Cryptanalysis

We distinguish between two cases: results on the complete hash function, and results on underlying building blocks.

A description of the tables is given here.

Recommended security parameter: 14 rounds (n=224,256); 16 rounds (n=384,512)


2.1 Hash function

Here we list results on the hash function according to the NIST requirements. The only allowed modification is to change the security parameter.

Type of Analysis Hash Size (n) Parameters Compression Function Calls Memory Requirements Reference
preimage 224,256 2.5 rounds 2n-15 - Ji,Liangyu
preimage 384 2.5 rounds 2355 - Ji,Liangyu
preimage 512 2.5 rounds 2481 - Ji,Liangyu


2.2 Building blocks

Here we list results on underlying building blocks, and the hash function modified by other means than the security parameter.

Note that these results assume more direct control or access over some internal variables (aka. free-start, pseudo, compression function, block cipher, or permutation attacks).

Type of Analysis Hash Function Part Hash Size (n) Parameters/Variants Compression Function Calls Memory Requirements Reference
semi-free-start near-collisions compression function 256 2 rounds 226 - Turan,Uyan
collision hash all toy version BLOKE example - Vidali,Nose,Pašalic
semi-free-start collision compression function all toy version BRAKE example - Vidali,Nose,Pašalic
near-collision compression function 256 4 rounds (No. 4-7) 221 - Su,Wu,Wu,Dong
near-collision compression function 512 4 rounds (No. 7-10) 216 - Su,Wu,Wu,Dong
near-collision compression function 512 5 rounds (No. 7-11) 2216 - Su,Wu,Wu,Dong
observations hash all Gligoroski
impossible differential permutation 224,256 5 rounds - - Aumasson,Guo,Knellwolf,Matusiewicz,Meier
impossible differential permutation 384,512 6 rounds - - Aumasson,Guo,Knellwolf,Matusiewicz,Meier
near-collision compression function 256 4 rounds (No. 3-6) 256 - Guo,Matusiewicz
free-start collision hash 224,256 2.5 rounds 2n/2-16 - Ji,Liangyu
free-start collision hash 384,512 2.5 rounds 2n/2-32 - Ji,Liangyu


Meltem Sönmez Turan, Erdener Uyan - Practical Near-Collisions for Reduced Round Blake, Fugue, Hamsi and JH

,2010
http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST/hash/sha-3/Round2/Aug2010/documents/papers/TURAN_Paper_Erdener.pdf
Bibtex
Author : Meltem Sönmez Turan, Erdener Uyan
Title : Practical Near-Collisions for Reduced Round Blake, Fugue, Hamsi and JH
In : -
Address :
Date : 2010

Janoš Vidali, Peter Nose, Enes Pašalic - Collisions for variants of the BLAKE hash function

Information Processing Letters 110:585--590, July 2010
http://lkrv.fri.uni-lj.si/~janos/blake/collisions.pdf
Bibtex
Author : Janoš Vidali, Peter Nose, Enes Pašalic
Title : Collisions for variants of the BLAKE hash function
In : Information Processing Letters -
Address :
Date : July 2010

Bozhan Su, Wenling Wu, Shuang Wu, Le Dong - Near-Collisions on the Reduced-Round Compression Functions of Skein and BLAKE

CANS 6467:124-139,2010
http://eprint.iacr.org/2010/355.pdf
Bibtex
Author : Bozhan Su, Wenling Wu, Shuang Wu, Le Dong
Title : Near-Collisions on the Reduced-Round Compression Functions of Skein and BLAKE
In : CANS -
Address :
Date : 2010

Danilo Gligoroski - Narrow-pipe SHA-3 candidates differ significantly from ideal random functions defined over big domains

,2010
http://people.item.ntnu.no/~danilog/Hash/Non-random-behaviour-narrow-pipe-designs-03.pdf
Bibtex
Author : Danilo Gligoroski
Title : Narrow-pipe SHA-3 candidates differ significantly from ideal random functions defined over big domains
In : -
Address :
Date : 2010

Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Jian Guo, Simon Knellwolf, Krystian Matusiewicz, Willi Meier - Differential and invertibility properties of BLAKE

FSE 6147:318-332,2010
http://eprint.iacr.org/2010/043.pdf
Bibtex
Author : Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Jian Guo, Simon Knellwolf, Krystian Matusiewicz, Willi Meier
Title : Differential and invertibility properties of BLAKE
In : FSE -
Address :
Date : 2010

Jian Guo, Krystian Matusiewicz - Round-Reduced Near-Collisions of BLAKE-32

,2009
http://www.jguo.org/docs/blake-col.pdf
Bibtex
Author : Jian Guo, Krystian Matusiewicz
Title : Round-Reduced Near-Collisions of BLAKE-32
In : -
Address :
Date : 2009

Li Ji, Xu Liangyu - Attacks on Round-Reduced BLAKE

,2009
http://eprint.iacr.org/2009/238.pdf
Bibtex
Author : Li Ji, Xu Liangyu
Title : Attacks on Round-Reduced BLAKE
In : -
Address :
Date : 2009
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